Art and Craft higher education in pakistan Literature review - 1

Art and Craft higher education in pakistan - Literature review Example Additionally, advancements in arts and crafts field have variations in different parts of the world. This can be attributed to the fact that art and craft activities are heavily dependent on cultural practices in a given area. According to Lees-Maffei and Sandino, â€Å"the principles that define the differences and relations between design, art and craft are subject to historical change and vary regionally and culturally† (2004, p.1). However, formal settings may incorporate different aspects of art and craft from different regions. This is in relation to some of the common arts such as music and dance. There have been some major developments in art and craft and increased applications to solve different issues either directly related or indirect. To get a clear picture of these developments it is more appropriate to focus on one particular area or country with rich applications of art and craft such as Pakistan. Since the establishment of Pakistan as a republic in 1947, there have been many transformations and developments in the art and craft field. For example, the first five-year plan for education focused on improving creativity through art and craft (Perveen, 2011, p. 3). This prompted the government to employ art and craft professionals to ensure proper learning. However, Perveen’s article mainly focuses on primary level art and craft rather than its developments at higher education level. Nevertheless, it has contributed in evaluating the development and incorporation of art and craft in higher education by the Pakistan government. Additionally, there was adoption of a conceptual and physical platform by various institutions in a bid to support modern arts. According to Tarar major changes were experienced in 1950s following an upgrade of the Mayo School of Arts into the National College of Arts (2008, p.1). This increased awareness and focus on art and craft as a subject and course in the Pakistan education